Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. Humans need their water and they need their energy, of course. Alisons free and online course looks at the importance of biodiversity and conservation. Principles and practices of silviculture management and their impact on biodiversity conservation of different forest types of nepal. Biodiversity defination, types, importance, hotspots, threats and conservation the term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by e. Scientists estimate that more than 10 million different species inhabit earth. Since there are published records of all the species discovered and named. Out of the above species, 4781 are residing in india although surface area of.
Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the earth. Insitu conservation is on site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species. To maintain lifesupporting systems and essential ecological processes. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology. Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. While earths biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are. Species diversity refers to biodiversity at the most basic level and is the variety and abundance of different types of individuals of a species in a given area. Biodiversity is the part of nature which includes the difference in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of. Biodiversitytypes,importance and loss of biodiversity. In situ conservation of crop genetic resources has sometimes not been given importance.
Different ecosystems like mangroves, rainforests, deserts, etc. Rich biodiversity also supports ecotourism and provides enjoyment to individuals. Bio diversity and its conservation, types of bio diversity. It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india.
It was prepared by claudia sobrevila, senior biodiversity specialist in the environment department of the world bank. Biodiversity is the sum of all the different species of animals, plants, fungi and microbial organisms living on earth and the variety of habitats in which they live. Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth it includes all life formsfrom the unicellular fungi, protozoa and bacteria to complex multicellular organisms such as plants, birds, fishes and animals. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. From threat to action 3 preface the research reported here was undertaken as part of the rubicode project rationalising biodiversity conservation in dynamic ecosystems. Ecological diversity is the intricate network of different species present in local. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even.
America has the greatest biodiversity on earth it is home to more than 40,000 species of plants, 3,000 of fishes, 1,300 of birds, 427 of mammals, 427 of amphibians, 378 of reptiles and of more than. Biodiversity is the variation among living organisms from different sources including terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. Nevertheless, the relative performance of different conservation governance types compared to alternative forms of land use has rarely been comprehensively assessed and little. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Now that we know the different types of biodiversity, let us look at the importance of biodiversity. All the economically important organisms should be identified and conserved.
Rich biodiversity provides different types of medicines to treat and cure illness. India is second largest nation containing 5% of worlds biodiversity and 2% of the earth surface. Conservation performance of different conservation governance. Both in situ on site and ex situ off site means of conservation are equally important and to be considered complementary to each other. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials.
Biodiversity at the heart of sustainable development. Biodiversity reading material exclusively for students of. Pdf principles and practices of silviculture management. Numerous forms of stability have been described, and there is no theoretical reason to believe that biodiversity should enhance all forms. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur.
Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the differences in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally, in a region, in the country and the world, and various types of ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic. How does biodiversity conservation fit into other big picture goals like sustainable. Biodiversity underlies everything from food production to medical research. In situ conservation in india, ecologically unique and biodiversity rich. Brief outlines of the two types of diversity indices of biodiversity are discussed in this article. Indias is an agricultural country and economic depends on. Systematic biodiversity conservation planning seems like everyone is doing it. Biodiversity is the biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals.
In this video malvika choudhary explains about definition of biodiversity,typesgenetic biodiversity,species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversityits importance and the reason behind loss. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on earth, and is richest in the tropics. The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and schoolbased annual examinations. The two types that are considered to be of the greatest are water and energy conservation. This chapter provides a broad overview of the current state of biodiversity conservation and management in the world with an emphasis on tropical islands. Some ecologists investigate the effects of different land uses and management practices. The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and. Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the differences in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different. Biodiversitythe diversity of life on earthis defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Pdf biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain.
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth it includes all life formsfrom the unicellular fungi, protozoa and bacteria to complex multicellular. The ecosystem services of biodiversity is maintained through formation and protection of soil, conservation and purification of water, maintaining hydrological cycles, regulation of biochemical cycles, absorption and breakdown of pollutants and waste materials through decomposition. Following are the important strategies for biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity can be measured through the use of quantitativeindicators, although no. May 25, 2016 in this video malvika choudhary explains about definition of biodiversity, types genetic biodiversity,species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversity its importance and the reason behind loss of.
Biological diversity biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole range of their variants and genes adapted to different climates, and environments along with their interactions and processes. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, gamma diversity, what are the uses of biodiversity. It defines the diversity observed among the ecosystems in a particular region. Biodiversity is a term given to the variety of all forms of life on. Although scientific literatures and scholars are familiar with the term biodiversity, in common parlance it appears to be little elusive to define. The types of conservation can be many or few, depending on the focus of the individual or program that is aimed at conserving the earths resources.
The role of indigenous peoples in biodiversity conservation. The types of conservation can be many or few, depending on the focus of the individual or program that is aimed at conserving the earths. Conservation of biodiversity can be studied in different segments. The biodiversity profile of india presented in this chapter covers the cultural ethos and legal support for the conservation and use of biodiversity, ecosystems diversity, species and genetic diversity, status of threatened species, protection of natural habitats and species, and challenges to conservation of biodiversity. All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals should be conserved. Mar 01, 2019 biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is the variety of all species on our planet. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Going by the raw definition, biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a given region. Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in europe.
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the sum of all the different species of plants, animals, fungi and microbial organisms that live on earth, including the various ecosystems in which they live on. Consensus statement two there is mounting evidence that biodiversity increases the stability of ecosystem functions through time. Conservation performance of different conservation. Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form. Human is completely responsible for the disturbance of biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the total variety of life on earth, or the total variety of life in a given area.
Biological diversity biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole range of their variants and genes adapted to different climates. Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. Biodiversity conservation has three main objectives. Iucn protected area categories, or iucn protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the international union for the conservation of nature iucn. Conservation of biodiversity khoshoo 1993 summarizes different options available for conservation of biodiversity. Iucn protected area categories, or iucn protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the international union for the conservation of. Biodiversity and its types complete detail updated.
Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Rubicode was conducted over the period september 2006 to august 2009 under the. Dec 19, 2019 rich biodiversity provides different types of medicines to treat and cure illness. From threat to action conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in europe. The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the worlds natural environment and. Without biodiversity in an ecosystem we would not have the many plants and animals we find in our world today, including us. Dominance indices are weighted toward the abundance of the commonest species. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms and bacteria living in the state.
Sep 12, 2017 nevertheless, the relative performance of different conservation governance types compared to alternative forms of land use has rarely been comprehensively assessed and little attention has been. In india conservation of genetic diversity of cultivated plant and their wild. Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. Types of biodiversity biodiversity is the variety of life in an area which is determined which is determined by the number of species in that area. Both in situ on site and ex situ off site means of conservation are equally important. It includes all the species on earth, ranging from plants such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and all the species of. Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. Restoration ecologists are developing rationale and methodologies for rehabilitating or restoring damaged habitats and for reintroducing native species.
I am immensely grateful to jean fanfan, marielena gutti and valerie hickey, who carried out the research and analysis of the bank portfolio, and. Biodiversity comes from the term biological diversity. Biodiversity is the part of nature which includes the difference in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally in a region, in the country and the world and various types of ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic within a defined area. Biodiversity is a relatively new compound word, but biological diversity when referring to the number of species is not. Classification of biodiversity ppt and pdf easybiologyclass.
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